New Approach to Measuring the Frequency of Sea Lamprey Wounds in Fish Stocks in the Great Lakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fish Stocks

Assessment of Lamprey and Fish Stocks in the Great Lakes in Relation to Control of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Report from the SLIS Assessment Measurements Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
The Impact

Available and potential methodology for assessing lamprey and prey fish populations is related to existing and future requirements of the sea lamprey control program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC). For lamprey, we recommend that the classification of Great Lakes tributaries according to their potential for larval production and the quality of lamprey attack data should be improved and standardized; standardized collections of spawning run adults should be continued; research should be encouraged on attractants and repellents, a male sterilization program, and the biology of parasitic phase animals. For fish, we recommend that more emphasis be given to the precision and standardization of estimates to allow better comparison between places and years, and the assessment of fish stocks other than major prey species; the GLFC support an evaluation program of an important prey species; and that other assessment methods (e.g. acoustic; counts of entrained fish) be explored. Because lamprey control is a long-term process that may span periods of environmental change, monitoring of physical, chemical, and biotic factors should be encouraged. Research on the impact of lampricides on nontarget organisms should be expanded. We also discuss and offer suggestions on the future of sea lamprey control.Key words: stock assessment, fishery surveys, methodology, populations control, proposed research

Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control — Where to From Here? Report of the SLIS Control Theory Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2175-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lamsa ◽  
C. M. Rovainen ◽  
D. P. Kolenosky ◽  
L. H. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control with selective toxicants has reduced sea lamprey abundance in the Great Lakes to levels which permit survival of desirable fish species, but development of alternate and supplemental control methods is essential since chemicals cannot be used indefinitely. The Task Force addressed hypotheses which relate to regulation of sea lamprey numbers during different life history stages and why sea lampreys appear to affect fish stocks differently in various bodies of water. Examination of the information about the various factors that control sea lamprey abundance, both natural and man-made, permitted the Task Force to develop several hypotheses and to indicate areas where additional emphasis or research could produce new or supplementary control methods. Efforts to develop an integrated program of sea lamprey control should be accelerated by development of present promising areas as well as expansion in new directions. Sea lampreys when compared with teleosts exhibit many features of a prototype vertebrate and some unique specializations. Physiological, biochemical, or behavioral differences between lampreys and teleosts may be exploitable for developing control techniques specific to sea lampreys.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, population control, barrier dams, integrated pest management, buffer species, physiology, teleosts

Species Succession and Fishery Exploitation in the Great Lakes

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Fish Stocks

The species composition of fish in the Great Lakes has undergone continual change since the earliest records. Some changes were caused by enrichment of the environment, but others primarily by an intensive and selective fishery for certain species. Major changes related to the fishery were less frequent before the late 1930's than in recent years and involved few species. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) were overexploited knowingly during the late 1800's because they interfered with fishing for preferred species; sturgeon were greatly reduced in all lakes by the early 1900's. Heavy exploitation accompanied sharp declines of lake herring (Leucichthys artedi) in Lake Erie during the 1920's and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron during the 1930's. A rapid succession of fish species in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior that started about 1940 has been caused by selective predation by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on native predatory species, and the resultant shifting emphasis of the fishery and species interaction as various species declined. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and burbot (Lota lota), the deep-water predators, were depleted first; this favored their prey, the chubs (Leucichthys spp.). The seven species of chubs were influenced differently according to differences in size. Fishing emphasis and predation by sea lampreys were selective for the largest species of chubs as lake trout and burbot declined. A single slow-growing chub, the bloater, was favored and increased, but as the large chubs declined the bloater was exploited by a new trawl fishery. The growth rate and size of the bloater increased, making it more vulnerable to conventional gillnet fishery and lamprey predation. This situation in Lakes Michigan and Huron favored the small alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) which had recently become established in the upper Great Lakes, and the alewife increased rapidly and dominated the fish stocks of the lakes. The successive collapses of various stocks after periods of stable production may give some indication of their sustainable yield. The sea lamprey is being brought under control in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron; lake trout are being established; and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), kokanee salmon (O. nerka), and the splake, a hybrid of lake trout and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are being introduced to reestablish a new species balance. Fish stocks are in a state of extreme instability in these lakes. Careful control of stocking programs and fisheries, and coordination of management among the various states of the United States and the province of Canada (Ontario) which manage the fish stocks, will be required to restore and maintain a useful fishery balance.

Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior: History of Invasion and Control, 1936–78

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Smith ◽  
J. J. Tibbles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fish Stocks

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) entered the upper three Great Lakes in the late 1930s and began making sharp inroads into the fish stocks by the mid-1940s in lakes Huron and Michigan and the mid-1950s in Lake Superior. The first serious attempts to control the parasite began in 1950 with the installation of mechanical barriers along the United States shore of Lake Huron to block spawning runs. Electrical barriers, developed in 1952, were installed in 132 tributaries of the Great Lakes by 1960, but control measures did not become effective until after 1958, when a selective toxicant — the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) — was used to destroy larval lampreys in streams. In the 21 years, 1958–78, 1223 treatments of tributaries of the upper three lakes with TFM were completed in 334 streams — 91 in Canada and 243 in the United States. Evidence of the success of the control program was soon obvious: first by reduced sea lamprey spawning runs as measured by the numbers of adults taken at electrical barriers; second by significant decreases in the incidence of sea lamprey wounds on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush); and finally by the excellent responses of major fish stocks to sea lamprey control. All three of the upper lakes have large numbers of lake trout, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and other salmonids available to the sport fishery and in some areas to the commercial fishing industry. Although the sea lamprey control program has been successful, it is important that emphasis be placed on developing new and innovative methods to reduce the dependence on lampricides. It is expected that a fully integrated program will eventually comprise several methods, including permanent barrier dams on selected streams and the use of sterilants, attractants, repellents, and biological controls, as well as chemical lampricides.Key words: sea lamprey, distribution, abundance, history, predation, integrated controls, Huron, Michigan, Superior

scholarly journals Nitrogenous compounds characterized in the deterrent skin extract of migratory adult sea lamprey from the Great Lakes region

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0217417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amila A. Dissanayake ◽  
C. Michael Wagner ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Louis King Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

Optimizing Larval Assessment to Support Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 766-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hansen ◽  
Jean V. Adams ◽  
Douglas W. Cuddy ◽  
Jessica M. Richards ◽  
Michael F. Fodale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey

Evaluating harvest-based control of invasive fish with telemetry: performance of sea lamprey traps in the Great Lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Holbrook ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Jessica Barber ◽  
Gale A. Bravener ◽  
Michael L. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Invasive Fish

Influence of Water Temperature on the Growth Rate of the Landlocked Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the Associated Rate of Host Mortality

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Farmer ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
P. F. Lett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Host Mortality

Groups of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) of 10–90 g initial weight were held at temperatures of 1–20 °C for 30 days and allowed to feed ad lib. on white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). Increases in water temperature and in lamprey size caused the rate of host mortality to increase in agreement with observations that mortality in the Great Lakes is seasonal. Instantaneous growth rates were maximal at 20 °C for lampreys of 10–30 g, the optimal temperature for growth shifting to 15 °C for larger lampreys of 30–90 g. Growth rates were intermediate at 10 °C and lowest at 4 °C for lampreys of all size. Accordingly, host mortality increased with temperature over the 4–20 °C range. At all experimental temperatures, increases in lamprey weight were accompanied by an exponential decline in instantaneous growth rates, a phenomenon also observed for teleosts. Laboratory growth rates at temperatures of 5–15 °C were comparable to rates observed for lampreys in Lake Huron between April and November and agree with the observation that lampreys feed in deeper waters between April and June before moving to warmer, shallower waters during the summer when growth rate increases. Key words: sea lamprey, white sucker, host, temperature, growth, Great Lakes, mortality

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